MOTLEY H L
Calif Med. 1952 Oct;77(4):220-8.
(1) ventilatory measurements from rapid spirogram tracings (vital capacity, maximal breathing capacity and the time required to blow the air from the lungs); (2) determination of the degree of bronchospasm present; (3) determination of the degree of pulmonary emphysema (residual air expressed quantitatively as percent of total lung volume); (4) determination of the arterial blood oxygen saturation at rest and immediately after step-up exercise; (5) measurement of the oxygen extraction from inspired air (per cent of oxygen removed) during rest and exercise; (6) determination of the oxygen up-take during exercise; and (7) observation of the duration of dyspnea after step-up exercise. No single physiologic test is adequate in evaluating impairment of pulmonary function, and roentgenograms of the chest are unreliable as a sole basis for appraisal of disability. In industrial medicine, pulmonary function studies make possible (a) more accurate diagnosis and evaluation of pulmonary disability; and (b) earlier detection and thus prevention of prolonged exposure by susceptible individuals to environmental hazards.
(1) 通过快速肺量计描记图进行通气测量（肺活量、最大呼吸容量以及从肺部呼出空气所需的时间）；(2) 确定存在的支气管痉挛程度；(3) 确定肺气肿程度（残气量以占肺总量的百分比进行定量表示）；(4) 测定静息时以及阶梯式运动后即刻的动脉血氧饱和度；(5) 测量静息和运动期间从吸入空气中摄取的氧气量（去除的氧气百分比）；(6) 测定运动期间的摄氧量；以及(7) 观察阶梯式运动后呼吸困难的持续时间。没有任何一项单一的生理测试足以评估肺功能损害，胸部X线片作为评估残疾的唯一依据并不可靠。在工业医学中，肺功能研究使得(a) 对肺残疾进行更准确的诊断和评估成为可能；以及(b) 更早地检测并从而预防易感个体长期暴露于环境危害之中。
