Levine R, Tenner S, Fromm H
George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.
Am Fam Physician. 1992 Feb;45(2):663-8.
Adherence to a low-fat, high-fiber diet and regular screening to detect and identify polyps at an early, more treatable stage may reduce deaths from colorectal cancer. Patients should be told that they can reduce their risk of colorectal cancer by increasing their intake of fruits, vegetables and whole grain cereals and decreasing their intake of fat. Although scientific controversy exists regarding the specific methods and intervals of screening for colorectal cancer, family physicians should adopt a regular approach to screening in their patients. In adults 50 years of age or older, annual fecal occult blood testing is recommended. If positive results are obtained, follow-up examination should be performed with either colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy plus air-contrast barium enema. Persons between 50 and 75 years of age may also benefit from screening with flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscopic examination every three to five years.
坚持低脂、高纤维饮食，并定期进行筛查以便在更早、更易治疗的阶段检测和识别息肉，可能会降低结直肠癌的死亡率。应告知患者，通过增加水果、蔬菜和全谷物麦片的摄入量以及减少脂肪摄入量，他们可以降低患结直肠癌的风险。尽管在结直肠癌筛查的具体方法和间隔时间方面存在科学争议，但家庭医生应对其患者采取定期筛查的方法。对于50岁及以上的成年人，建议每年进行粪便潜血检测。如果检测结果呈阳性，应通过结肠镜检查或乙状结肠镜检查加气钡双重造影进行后续检查。年龄在50至75岁之间的人每三至五年进行一次纤维乙状结肠镜检查筛查也可能有益。
