Kinion E S, Kolcaba K Y
J Holist Nurs. 1992 Sep;10(3):218-30. doi: 10.1177/089801019201000304.
Plato's theory about psychodynamic forces is used to develop a holistic model for nursing practice. The dysphoric emotional state of demoralization is conceptualized as an imbalance between Spirit, Appetite, and Reason. Interventions are designed for elderly clients who show objective and subjective signs of demoralization. The objective indicators are measured with the Psychiatric Epidemiological Research Interview (PERI), before and after the implementation of individualized interventions. Results for the 23 subjects who completed the study in an assisted-living environment are suggestive of the effectiveness of basic nursing interventions in remediating the symptoms of demoralization. Plato's model of the psyche is an elegant, yet simple, conceptual tool for understanding the mental health needs of clients.
柏拉图关于心理动力的理论被用于构建一个护理实践的整体模型。士气低落导致的烦躁情绪状态被概念化为精神、欲望和理性之间的失衡。针对表现出士气低落的客观和主观迹象的老年客户设计了干预措施。在实施个性化干预前后，使用精神疾病流行病学研究访谈（PERI）对客观指标进行测量。在辅助生活环境中完成研究的23名受试者的结果表明，基本护理干预措施在缓解士气低落症状方面是有效的。柏拉图的心理模型是一个优雅而简单的概念工具，用于理解客户的心理健康需求。
