Plato's model of the psyche: a holistic model for nursing interventions.

Plato's theory about psychodynamic forces is used to develop a holistic model for nursing practice. The dysphoric emotional state of demoralization is conceptualized as an imbalance between Spirit, Appetite, and Reason. Interventions are designed for elderly clients who show objective and subjective signs of demoralization. The objective indicators are measured with the Psychiatric Epidemiological Research Interview (PERI), before and after the implementation of individualized interventions. Results for the 23 subjects who completed the study in an assisted-living environment are suggestive of the effectiveness of basic nursing interventions in remediating the symptoms of demoralization. Plato's model of the psyche is an elegant, yet simple, conceptual tool for understanding the mental health needs of clients.