Artinian N T
College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, Mich.
Am J Crit Care. 1992 Sep;1(2):36-42.
The purpose of this study was to describe spouses' life stressors, supports, perceptions of illness severity, role strain, physical and mental symptoms of stress, and marital quality 1 year after the mate's coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
This descriptive study was the third component of a longitudinal panel investigation. (The first component was a period within 48 hours of surgery, and the second was 6 weeks after discharge.) One year after the mate's surgery, spouses received the following instruments in the mail: the Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes, the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire, the Cantril Ladder Scale, the Strain Questionnaire, the Role Strain Scale and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Subjects were a convenience sample of 49 women whose husbands were alive 1 year after their first bypass surgery. Of the women in the sample (n = 49), 98% were white, and the mean age was 56 years.
Social support was moderate and significantly less 1 year after surgery than during the first two components (48 hours and 6 weeks after surgery). Women still perceived their husbands to have some illness severity 1 year after surgery. They continued to have physical and mental symptoms of stress and had significantly greater role strain than during the first two periods. Marital quality was average. Spouses reported making several life-style changes.
During the first year after the patient's bypass surgery, spouses experienced many changes. Although physical and mental symptoms of stress remained the same, role strain increased and social support decreased. The findings suggest testing of such interventions as stress management and time management techniques, support groups, and other psychoeducational interventions.
Although the situation remains difficult for the spouse 1 year after the patient's surgery, nurses and physicians can foster and support spouses through many adjustments and changes.
本研究旨在描述配偶在其伴侣冠状动脉搭桥手术后1年的生活压力源、支持、对疾病严重程度的认知、角色紧张、压力的身心症状以及婚姻质量。
这项描述性研究是纵向小组调查的第三个部分。（第一部分是手术后48小时内，第二部分是出院后6周。）在伴侣手术后1年，配偶通过邮件收到以下问卷：生活事件与变化家庭问卷、诺贝克社会支持问卷、坎特里尔阶梯量表、紧张问卷、角色紧张量表和二元调适量表。研究对象是49名女性的便利样本，她们的丈夫在首次搭桥手术后1年仍然在世。样本中的女性（n = 49），98%为白人，平均年龄为56岁。
社会支持处于中等水平，且在术后1年显著低于前两个阶段（术后48小时和6周）。术后1年，女性仍认为其丈夫患有一定程度的疾病。她们仍有压力的身心症状，且角色紧张程度比前两个阶段显著更高。婚姻质量为中等。配偶报告做出了一些生活方式的改变。
在患者搭桥手术后的第一年，配偶经历了许多变化。虽然压力的身心症状保持不变，但角色紧张增加，社会支持减少。研究结果表明应测试诸如压力管理和时间管理技巧、支持小组及其他心理教育干预等措施。
尽管在患者手术后1年配偶的情况仍然困难，但护士和医生可以通过许多调整和改变来培养并支持配偶。
