Medical management of AIDS patients. Ophthalmic problems.

The majority of AIDS patients will develop ocular complications at some point during the course of their illness. The most common complications involve the retina. Accurate diagnosis of noninfectious and infectious (especially CMV) retinopathy is extremely important as most forms of infectious retinitis can be treated, albeit not without significant complications in many cases. Close cooperation between the ophthalmologist and internist is essentially to ensure that timely therapeutic intervention, which can dramatically reduce the risk of visual impairment and blindness, can be initiated. AIDS-related diseases of the central nervous system, especially nonviral infections, are often associated with abnormalities of ocular function. Assessment of visual acuity, visual fields, extraocular movements, pupillary reflexes, color perception, and the condition of optic nerve and retina is important for accurate diagnosis.