Hughes J, Norman R W
Stone Clinic, Camp Hill Medical Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.
CMAJ. 1992 Jan 15;146(2):137-43.
To review the current literature on the dietary modification of urinary risk factors as a means of reducing the likelihood of recurrent stone formation and to develop practical dietary recommendations that might be useful to this end.
MEDLINE was searched for English-language articles published from 1983 to 1990. Additional references were selected from the bibliographies of identified articles.
Nonrandomized trials and retrospective reviews were included because of a paucity of randomized controlled trials.
Information on the dietary intake of calcium, oxalate, protein, sodium and fibre and on alcohol and fluid intake was used to develop practical guidelines on dietary modification.
Dietary modification plays an important role in the reduction of urinary risk factors in patients with calcium stone disease of the urinary tract. As an initial form of prevention attention should be directed toward moderating the intake of calcium, oxalate, protein, sodium and alcohol and increasing the intake of fibre and water. Future research should include an assessment of the long-term reduction of dietary and urinary risk factors and the rates of recurrence of calcium stones.
回顾当前有关通过饮食调整尿路危险因素以降低复发性结石形成可能性的文献，并制定有助于实现此目的的实用饮食建议。
检索MEDLINE数据库，查找1983年至1990年发表的英文文章。从已识别文章的参考文献中选取其他文献。
由于随机对照试验较少，纳入了非随机试验和回顾性综述。
利用关于钙、草酸盐、蛋白质、钠和纤维的饮食摄入量以及酒精和液体摄入量的信息，制定饮食调整实用指南。
饮食调整在降低尿路钙结石病患者的尿路危险因素方面起着重要作用。作为预防的初始形式，应注意适度摄入钙、草酸盐、蛋白质、钠和酒精，并增加纤维和水的摄入量。未来的研究应包括评估饮食和尿路危险因素的长期降低情况以及钙结石的复发率。
