Thyrotropin action is impaired in the thyroid gland of old rats.

Aging in rats is characterized by low plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones with unchanged levels of TSH, suggesting an altered TSH action in addition to the impaired regulation of TSH secretion. To evaluate TSH action we determined TSH binding to thyroid membranes of young and old male rats (3-4 and 24-26 months of age), as well as the activity of adenylate cyclase in basal and stimulated conditions. Saturation analyses of [125I]-bTSH to thyroid membranes in the presence of increasing quantities of unlabelled bTSH (0.03-100 mU) show two types of binding sites, one of high affinity (Ka 1.5 10(9) mol l-1) the other of lower affinity (Ka 1.2 10(8) mol l-1), which are similar in both age groups. The number of TSH binding sites of high affinity is less in old rats than in young rats (7.6 +/- 0.9 vs 14.8 +/- 1.1 TSH mU/mg protein, N = 11 and 10 respectively, p less than 0.001), whereas the number of binding sites of low affinity is not significantly different (76.0 +/- 8.2 vs 99.1 +/- 9.0 TSH mU/mg protein). The activity of adenylate cyclase determined in basal conditions is similar in both old and young rats (1.11 +/- 0.12 vs 1.04 +/- 0.9 nmol cAMP/2 h x mg/protein). TSH (10 mU) induced a significant increase in cAMP formation with the thyroid membranes from young rats but not with those from old rats. In contrast, the stimulation of cAMP formation by GTP (2 mmol/l) or forskolin (10 mmol/l), two direct stimulators of adenylate cyclase, is similar in both groups of rats (200% and 250%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)