Mareschal Denis, Powell Daisy, Volein Agnes
Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, School of Psychology, Birkbeck University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2003 Oct;86(2):87-107. doi: 10.1016/s0022-0965(03)00107-3.
This study examines 7- and 9-month-olds' ability to categorize cats as separate from dogs, and dogs as separate from cats in an object examination task. In Experiment 1, 7- and 9-month-olds (N = 30) familiarized with toy cat replicas were found to form a category of cat that included novel cats but excluded a dog and an eagle. In Experiment 2, 7- and 9-month-olds (N = 30) familiarized with toy dog replicas were found to form a category of dog that included a novel dogs and a novel cat but excluded an eagle. These results mirror those of 3- to 4-month-olds tested with visual preference methods and stand in contrast to previously reported object examination results. Analyses of the distribution of features in the exemplars used to familiarize infants suggest that, like the 3- to 4-month-olds, the 7- and 9-month-olds in these studies form categories within the task, and on the basis of feature distributions.
本研究考察了7个月和9个月大婴儿在物体检查任务中区分猫和狗的能力，即把猫归类为与狗不同的类别，把狗归类为与猫不同的类别。在实验1中，发现30名熟悉玩具猫复制品的7个月和9个月大婴儿形成了一个猫的类别，该类别包括新的猫，但不包括一只狗和一只鹰。在实验2中，发现30名熟悉玩具狗复制品的7个月和9个月大婴儿形成了一个狗的类别，该类别包括一只新的狗和一只新的猫，但不包括一只鹰。这些结果与用视觉偏好方法测试的3至4个月大婴儿的结果相似，并且与先前报道的物体检查结果形成对比。对用于使婴儿熟悉的范例中特征分布的分析表明，与3至4个月大的婴儿一样，这些研究中的7个月和9个月大婴儿在任务中基于特征分布形成类别。
