Clinical significance of serum and urinary neopterin levels in patients with various liver diseases.

Serum and urinary neopterin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 120 healthy controls, 16 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, 12 patients with acute hepatitis, 13 with chronic inactive hepatitis, 35 with chronic active hepatitis, 46 with liver cirrhosis, 18 with hepatocellular carcinoma, and 6 with alcoholic liver disease. Serum and urinary neopterin levels were significantly higher in almost all patients than in normal subjects. Neopterin levels were highest in acute hepatitis and correlated with the results of liver function tests, but did not show this correlation in chronic liver disease. In chronic liver disease, the levels of serum neopterin in non-A non-B viral patients was significantly increased, compared with those in B viral and alcoholic patients. The rate of abnormal urinary neopterin levels in chronic liver disease was higher than the rate of abnormal serum neopterin levels, but no difference was observed between the rates of abnormal serum and urinary levels in acute hepatitis and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. These results indicate that serum and urinary neopterin levels may be useful markers for cell-mediated immunity in liver disease, and that the immune system response in chronic liver disease may be different for different pathogens.