Rose D P
Division of Nutrition and Endocrinology, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York.
Nutrition. 1992 Jan-Feb;8(1):47-51.
The hypothesis that diet exerts an influence on breast cancer risk has emphasized a role for fat, and current dietary intervention trials to reduce that risk are designed specifically to decrease fat consumption to 15-20% of total calories. There is, however, mounting evidence that dietary fiber has a protective effect and may favorably modify the enhanced breast cancer risk associated with the typical American high-fat low-fiber diet. These data come largely from epidemiological studies, but a few experiments with animal models have also been performed. The mechanisms concerned probably involve estrogen metabolism and bioactivity, both by effects on the enterohepatic circulation of estrogens and the actions of fiber-associated phytoestrogens. More studies are essential to determine the specific types of dietary fiber that are likely to affect the risk of breast cancer, and an appropriate modification in fiber intake should then be added to dietary fat reduction in any future clinical intervention trials designed to demonstrate a favorable influence on breast cancer incidence.
饮食对乳腺癌风险产生影响这一假说强调了脂肪的作用,当前旨在降低该风险的饮食干预试验专门设计用于将脂肪摄入量减少至总热量的15% - 20%。然而,越来越多的证据表明膳食纤维具有保护作用,并且可能有利地改变与典型美国高脂肪低纤维饮食相关的乳腺癌风险增加。这些数据主要来自流行病学研究,但也进行了一些动物模型实验。相关机制可能涉及雌激素代谢和生物活性,这是通过对雌激素肠肝循环的影响以及纤维相关植物雌激素的作用实现的。有必要进行更多研究以确定可能影响乳腺癌风险的膳食纤维具体类型,并且在未来任何旨在证明对乳腺癌发病率有有利影响的临床干预试验中,应在减少饮食脂肪的基础上适当调整纤维摄入量。