Hogstel M O, Nelson M
Geriatr Nurs. 1992 Jan-Feb;13(1):28-33. doi: 10.1016/s0197-4572(08)80012-2.
Adequate bowel elimination is essential for physiologic functioning and daily comfort of older patients. A careful assessment of normal bowel elimination patterns will help to prevent unnecessary bowel problems when the older patient is hospitalized or admitted to a long-term care facility. Constipation and incontinence are the two most common bowel elimination problems affecting older adults. Many simple nursing interventions exist that will help to prevent major complications that can occur when constipation or incontinence is present.
充足的肠道排泄对于老年患者的生理功能和日常舒适度至关重要。仔细评估正常的肠道排泄模式，将有助于预防老年患者住院或入住长期护理机构时出现不必要的肠道问题。便秘和大便失禁是影响老年人的两个最常见的肠道排泄问题。存在许多简单的护理干预措施，有助于预防便秘或大便失禁时可能发生的重大并发症。
