Regulation of apical membrane ion transport in Necturus gallbladder.

Na and Cl movement through the apical membrane of Necturus gallbladder epithelium was investigated using electrophysiological and light microscopic measurements. Changes in membrane potential difference, fractional resistance of the apical membrane, and transepithelial resistance caused by changes in apical bath Cl concentration revealed the presence of a Cl conductance in the apical membrane of control tissues that was apparently not present in the preparations studied by other investigators. This Cl conductance was blocked by bumetanide (10(-5) M) or by the inhibitor of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) action, the Rp isomer of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-cAMPS; 0.5 mM). Treatment of the tissues with Rp-cAMPS also eliminated bumetanide-sensitive cell swelling in the presence of ouabain and activated an amiloride-sensitive swelling, changes consistent with inhibition of NaCl cotransport and the activation of Na-H and Cl-HCO3 exchange. We conclude that the mode of NaCl entry into Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells is determined by the level of cAMP. When cAMP levels are high, entry occurs by NaCl cotransport; when cAMP levels are low, parallel exchange of Na-H and Cl-HCO3 predominates. These observations explain the previous disagreements about the mode of NaCl entry into Necturus gallbladder epithelial cells.