Altered ganglioside composition in virally transformed rat embryo fibroblasts.

The composition of gangliosides was examined in a normal rat embryo fibroblast cell line (REF52) and in two viral transformants: a polyoma transformant (REF52-PyMLV) and a simian viral 40 transformant (REF52-SV40). The distribution of gangliosides in the cell lines was determined using gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance thin-layer chromatography. N-acetylneuraminic acid was the predominant sialic acid species detected in the three cell lines. The total ganglioside concentration (microgram/100 mg dry weight of cells) in the normal, PyMLV, and SV40 lines was 144.7 +/- 10.4, 153.8 +/- 9.2, and 86.1 +/- 6.8, respectively. Gangliosides GM3, GM2, GM1, and GD1a were the major species in the normal and transformed lines. The distribution of these gangliosides, however, differed markedly between the normal and the transformed lines and also between the transformed lines themselves. The transformed cells also differed from the normal cells in growth rate, morphology, and social behavior. The cell line with highest GM3 content (PyMLV) formed islands, whereas the normal and SV40 cell lines, which had lower GM3 levels, grew as monolayers. The findings suggest that PyMLV and SV40 transformation can have multiple and different effects on cellular ganglioside distribution and growth behavior.