Tanner A
Forsyth Dental Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Curr Opin Dent. 1992 Mar;2:12-24.
Many studies indicate a strong association of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans with localized juvenile periodontitis. Species associated with adult periodontitis include Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and Wolinella recta. Capnocytophaga species may be important in pubertal gingivitis. An unnamed spirochete related to Treponema pallidum has been identified in acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis lesions. Species isolated from prepubertal periodontitis, peri-implantitis, pericoronitis, and human immunodeficiency virus gingivitis and periodontitis are similar to those isolated from periodontal and gingival infections. Species identification in combination with clinical characteristics facilitates periodontal diagnosis. DNA probes, immunoassays, and benzoyl-arginine naphthylamide reactivity methods can be used to indicate putative pathogens in plaque samples. Microbial identification aids in antibiotic selection and planning a treatment regimen.
许多研究表明，伴放线放线杆菌与局限性青少年牙周炎密切相关。与成人牙周炎相关的菌种包括福赛坦氏菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌、伴放线放线杆菌和直肠沃林氏菌。二氧化碳嗜纤维菌属菌种在青春期龈炎中可能起重要作用。在急性坏死性溃疡性龈炎病变中已鉴定出一种与梅毒螺旋体相关的未命名螺旋体。从青春期前牙周炎、种植体周围炎、冠周炎以及人类免疫缺陷病毒相关性龈炎和牙周炎中分离出的菌种与从牙周和牙龈感染中分离出的菌种相似。结合临床特征进行菌种鉴定有助于牙周病诊断。DNA探针、免疫测定和苯甲酰精氨酸萘酰胺反应性方法可用于指示菌斑样本中的潜在病原体。微生物鉴定有助于抗生素选择和制定治疗方案。
