Adam D
Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Germany.
J Chemother. 1992 Dec;4(6):371-5. doi: 10.1080/1120009x.1992.11739194.
Macrolides are the primary drugs of choice for a number of clinically significant infections in children. The clinical aspects of newer macrolides such as roxithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, flurithromycin, miocamycin, rokitamycin, azithromycin and RP 59500 are discussed in different pediatric infections including streptococcal infections (e.g. pharyngitis, otitis, pneumonia, skin infections), staphylococcus soft tissue infections, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydial infections as well as legionellosis and campylobacter enteritis. Also, incidences of adverse events in pediatric patients receiving different macrolides are indicated as well as the dosages in children. The advantages of newer macrolides are: lower dosages, b.i.d. or once daily dosage regimens, good intracellular and tissue penetration, better activity against gram-negative microorganisms (some) and a low rate of adverse reactions.
大环内酯类药物是治疗儿童多种具有临床意义感染的首选药物。本文讨论了新型大环内酯类药物如罗红霉素、克拉霉素、地红霉素、氟红霉素、米欧卡霉素、罗他霉素、阿奇霉素和RP 59500在不同儿科感染中的临床应用，包括链球菌感染（如咽炎、中耳炎、肺炎、皮肤感染）、葡萄球菌软组织感染、支原体肺炎、衣原体感染以及军团菌病和弯曲杆菌肠炎。此外，还指出了接受不同大环内酯类药物治疗的儿科患者的不良事件发生率以及儿童用药剂量。新型大环内酯类药物的优点包括：剂量较低、每日两次或每日一次给药方案、良好的细胞内和组织穿透力、对某些革兰氏阴性微生物有更好的活性以及不良反应发生率低。
