DeSalle R
Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1992 Mar;1(1):31-40. doi: 10.1016/1055-7903(92)90033-d.
The phylogenetic relationships of several taxa from representative genera, subgenera, groups, and subgroups in the Drosophilidae were examined using sequences from a 905-bp mtDNA fragment. Conventional cloning and sequencing techniques were used to obtain nucleotide sequences. In addition, polymerase chain reaction primers were designed for the rapid amplification and sequencing of this region for the species examined in the Drosophilidae. Phylogenetic analysis was done by cladistic techniques. Because of the coding nature of the 905-bp mtDNA fragment, several separate analyses of these sequences were performed. The genera Scaptomyza and Hirtodrosophila occupy ancestral branching positions in the molecular phylogeny. The genera Chymomyza and Zaprionus have intermediate branching positions, while the subgenera Drosophila and Sophophora are in the most derived position in the molecular phylogeny. Within the subgenus Sophophora, there is little resolution using these sequences, while within the subgenus Drosophila, D. melanica, D. funebris, and D. pinicola form a clade in a derived part of the phylogeny, with D. robusta and D. immigrans branching in an intermediate position in the phylogeny. D. mercatorum, a member of the repleta species group, occupies an ancestral position in the molecular phylogeny.
利用一段905个碱基对的线粒体DNA片段序列，研究了果蝇科中几个具有代表性的属、亚属、类群和亚类群的系统发育关系。采用传统的克隆和测序技术获取核苷酸序列。此外，还设计了聚合酶链反应引物，用于果蝇科所研究物种该区域的快速扩增和测序。系统发育分析采用分支系统学技术进行。由于905个碱基对的线粒体DNA片段具有编码特性，因此对这些序列进行了几次单独分析。Scaptomyza属和Hirtodrosophila属在分子系统发育中占据祖先分支位置。Chymomyza属和Zaprionus属具有中间分支位置，而果蝇亚属和Sophophora亚属在分子系统发育中处于最衍生的位置。在Sophophora亚属内，使用这些序列几乎无法分辨，而在果蝇亚属内，黑腹果蝇、丧服果蝇和松针果蝇在系统发育的衍生部分形成一个分支，粗壮果蝇和迁入果蝇在系统发育的中间位置分支。repleta物种组的成员梅卡托果蝇在分子系统发育中占据祖先位置。
