Zinovkina V Iu, Krivchik A A, Leontiuk A S, Mel'nikov I A
Morfologiia. 1992 Jun;102(6):122-32.
Electron microscopic and morphometric studies of the lysosomal system of hepatocytes with quantitative, informative and dispersion analysis of electron micrographs in healthy rats and rats with extrahepatic cholestasis have revealed the stage-like character of changes of the reaction of the liver subcellular structures in the processes of development of the pathologic process. At the first stage (12h-3 days) in parallel with the symptoms of injury (dilation of the lumen of bile canals with dystrophic alterations of epitheliocytes microvilli, depletion of the cytoplasm by glycogen, appearance of lipid inclusions, accumulation of the bile pigments) the initiation of urgent reactions of compensation was observed (using part of primary lysosomes in heterophagic processes, activation of autophagocytosis) as well as the beginning of the formation of long-term reactions with a somewhat increased amount of primary lysosomes and greater amount of small primary forms. There occur normalization of the ratio of primary and secondary forms. The 2nd stage (the 2nd half of the 1st week--the 2nd week) is characterized by the prevalence of compensatory adaptation reactions, underlaid by the formation of long-term reactions of compensation (considerable increase of the amount of primary lysosomes at the expense of intensification of their synthesis, active resorption of bile and lipid metabolites with the transformation of the latter in glycogen). The 3rd stage (the 3rd week) is characterized by depletion of reserves of the lysosomal system: sharp drop of the ability for self-renewal of the structures, change of the population composition of organelles expressed as prevalence of autophagosomes and residual bodies, transformation of the lysosomes in residual bodies.
对健康大鼠和肝外胆汁淤积大鼠肝细胞溶酶体系统进行电子显微镜和形态计量学研究，并对电子显微镜照片进行定量、信息和离散分析，结果显示在病理过程发展过程中，肝脏亚细胞结构反应的变化具有阶段性特征。在第一阶段（12小时至3天），与损伤症状（胆小管腔扩张，上皮细胞微绒毛营养不良性改变，糖原使细胞质耗竭，出现脂质包涵体，胆汁色素积聚）同时，观察到紧急代偿反应的启动（在异噬过程中利用部分初级溶酶体，自噬作用激活）以及长期反应的开始，此时初级溶酶体数量略有增加，小初级形式数量更多。初级和次级形式的比例出现正常化。第二阶段（第一周后半期至第二周）的特征是代偿适应反应占优势，其基础是长期代偿反应的形成（初级溶酶体数量显著增加，这是以其合成增强为代价的，胆汁和脂质代谢产物的积极吸收以及后者向糖原的转化）。第三阶段（第三周）的特征是溶酶体系统储备耗尽：结构自我更新能力急剧下降，细胞器群体组成发生变化，表现为自噬体和残余体占优势，溶酶体转化为残余体。
