Tehseen W M, Hansen L G, Schaeffer D J, Reynolds H A
Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
Qual Assur. 1992 Jun;1(3):217-29.
Various abnormal growths appear on planarians, Dugesia dorotocephala, during and after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 28, 110, and 126; Aroclor 1254; cadmium sulfate; and L-buthionine-(R,S)-sulfoximine (BSO). Daily observations under magnification were used to describe the location, development, and morphology of three different types of tumor-like growths ("tumors"). "Post-head tumors" were found to be highly invasive, progressive, and lethal to the animal depending on concentrations and combinations of the compounds used. Survivors from post-head tumors exhibited aberrant morphogenesis, but developmental abnormalities were eventually shed. Post-head tumors occurred within 2 weeks of initial exposure, while "round tail tip tumors" appeared after 2-3 weeks. The rate of progression and invasiveness was greater for the round tail tip tumors. "Pigmented rose thorn tail tumors" occurred in low incidence (4-20%) and appeared to be harmless and noninvasive, requiring months to develop from the first appearance of pigmentation. The aggressive, proliferative, and invasive characteristics of post-head and round tail tip tumors are analogous to those of malignant tumors, while pigmented rose thorn tumors were benign. High dose of cadmium alone were sufficient to initiate the post-head and round tail tip tumors. PCBs potentiated the tumorigenicity of low cadmium doses and enhanced the very low spontaneous incidence of pigmented rose thorn tumors. PCBs also impaired motor activity, causing the graceful gliding locomotion to be replaced by a twisting serpentine movement accompanied by muscular dystrophy. In addition, high (50 micrograms) doses of PCB 110 depressed activity, while lower (5 micrograms) doses and 50 micrograms Aroclor 1254 induced restlessness and enhanced locomotion. These data provide the basis for quality assurance.
在暴露于多氯联苯（PCBs）28、110和126、氯丹1254、硫酸镉以及L-丁硫氨酸-（R，S）-亚砜亚胺（BSO）期间及之后，三角涡虫（Dugesia dorotocephala）身上出现了各种异常生长物。通过放大倍数下的每日观察来描述三种不同类型的肿瘤样生长物（“肿瘤”）的位置、发展和形态。发现“头部后方肿瘤”具有高度侵袭性、进展性，并且根据所用化合物的浓度和组合对动物具有致死性。头部后方肿瘤的幸存者表现出异常形态发生，但发育异常最终会消失。头部后方肿瘤在初次暴露后2周内出现，而“圆形尾尖肿瘤”在2 - 3周后出现。圆形尾尖肿瘤的进展和侵袭速度更快。“色素沉着玫瑰刺尾肿瘤”发生率较低（4 - 20%），似乎无害且无侵袭性，从色素沉着首次出现到发展需要数月时间。头部后方和圆形尾尖肿瘤的侵袭性、增殖性和攻击性特征与恶性肿瘤相似，而色素沉着玫瑰刺肿瘤是良性的。单独高剂量的镉足以引发头部后方和圆形尾尖肿瘤。多氯联苯增强了低镉剂量的致瘤性，并提高了色素沉着玫瑰刺肿瘤极低的自发发生率。多氯联苯还损害运动活性，导致优美的滑行运动被伴有肌肉萎缩的扭曲蛇形运动所取代。此外，高剂量（50微克）的多氯联苯110会抑制活性，而较低剂量（5微克）和50微克氯丹1254会引起不安并增强运动。这些数据为质量保证提供了依据。
