Clinical measurement of renal clearance.

The importance of renal clearance in uronephrology has motivated the continuous reassessment of well-established methods and the relentless search for better techniques. Concerning radionuclide methods, data in the current literature confirm the validity of the simplified one-compartment model or the empirical single-sample method for renal clearance measurement, and new algorithms have been described to broaden the application of the techniques to the pediatric population. Based on the same principles, accurate measurement of renal clearance can also be obtained using contrast agents. Using the technique for determination of the glomerular filtration rate during radiographic contrast examination is recommendable. However, potential adverse effects of the contrast substances should be compared with those of other methods before using this technique for measuring renal clearance without scheduled contrast roentgenographic examination. Controversy remains concerning the validity of predicting glomerular filtration rate from plasma creatinine. Although the predicted clearance is correlated with reference clearance, analysis of individual results reveals that important differences of up to 50 mL/min frequently occur.