McCormick D A
Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
J Clin Neurophysiol. 1992 Apr;9(2):212-23. doi: 10.1097/00004691-199204010-00004.
The postsynaptic actions of glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine in the cerebral cortex and thalamus and their relevance to the control of thalamocortical activity are reviewed. Excitatory and inhibitory amino acids (such as glutamate and GABA) are proposed to form the neurotransmitters by which the executative neural networks of the neocortex and thalamus process synaptic information. In contrast, the more slowly acting neurotransmitters, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine, are proposed to control the state of activity and excitability of thalamic and cortical neurons and thereby modulate the state of thalamocortical activity. Specific examples of the involvement of fast and slow transmitter actions in the genesis of epileptic seizures and the determination of sleep-wake cycles are given.
本文综述了谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）、乙酰胆碱、去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺和组胺在大脑皮层和丘脑的突触后作用，以及它们与丘脑皮质活动控制的相关性。兴奋性和抑制性氨基酸（如谷氨酸和GABA）被认为是新皮层和丘脑的执行神经网络处理突触信息的神经递质。相比之下，作用较为缓慢的神经递质，如乙酰胆碱、去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺和组胺，则被认为可控制丘脑和皮质神经元的活动状态和兴奋性，从而调节丘脑皮质活动状态。文中给出了快速和慢速递质作用参与癫痫发作起源及睡眠-觉醒周期决定的具体例子。
