Niwa M, Taniyama K
Department of Pharmacology 2, Nagasaki University School of Medicine.
Nihon Rinsho. 1992 Apr;50(4):680-5.
Neurotransmitters involved in the central regulation of the autonomic function have, to some extent, been elucidated. Substance P, adrenaline and glutamate neurons originating from the rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata (VLM) produce a tonic excitation of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. The A1 noradrenaline neurons in the caudal VLM inhibit sympathetic activity by inhibiting neurons in the rostral VLM. In the dorsal medulla, the baroreceptor afferents with substance P converge to the adrenaline-neuropeptide Y (NPY) interneurons located in the dorsal strip of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). These interneurons suppress neuronal activity of the A2 noradrenaline neurons, a vasopressor system, by interacting with alpha 2-adrenergic and NPY receptors. The area postrema, a circumventricular organ devoid of the blood-brain barrier, has access to regulatory information of blood-borne angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide at specific receptors on the neuronal elements. The information is then transmitted to the NTS and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Studies focusing on the physiological and pharmacological profiles of neurotransmitters are expected to enhance our knowledge of the central regulation of the autonomic function.
参与自主神经功能中枢调节的神经递质在一定程度上已得到阐明。源自延髓头端腹外侧区（VLM）的P物质、肾上腺素和谷氨酸能神经元对交感神经节前神经元产生紧张性兴奋作用。延髓尾端的A1去甲肾上腺素能神经元通过抑制延髓头端的神经元来抑制交感神经活动。在延髓背侧，含有P物质的压力感受器传入纤维汇聚到位于孤束核（NTS）背侧条带的肾上腺素-神经肽Y（NPY）中间神经元。这些中间神经元通过与α2-肾上腺素能受体和NPY受体相互作用，抑制血管升压系统A2去甲肾上腺素能神经元的神经元活动。最后区是一个没有血脑屏障的室周器官，可通过神经元成分上的特定受体获取血源性血管紧张素II和心房钠尿肽的调节信息。然后，这些信息被传递到NTS和迷走神经背运动核。专注于神经递质生理和药理特性的研究有望增进我们对自主神经功能中枢调节的认识。
