Beta-blockers: propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, pindolol, alprenolol and timolol, manifest atherogenicity on in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. Elimination of propranolol atherogenic effects by papaverine.

The addition of the beta-blockers propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, pindolol, alprenolol and timolol to a culture of peritoneal macrophages or smooth muscle cells induced an increase in the intracellular cholesterol content. Blood serum obtained from a rabbit after a peroral administration of beta-blockers also induced cholesterol accumulation. This property of drug or blood serum obtained after peroral administration is conventionally referred to as atherogenic potential or atherogenicity. Regular administration of propranolol during a 21-day period evoked stable atherogenicity of rabbit blood serum. This was accompanied by stimulation of manifestations of atherosclerosis in the aorta deendothelialized with a balloon catheter. Propranolol increased neointimal thickening, lipid accumulation, an increase in cell number and in the collagen content. In vitro, the combination of propranolol with papaverine eliminated the atherogenic effect of propranolol which manifested itself as stimulation of cholesterol accumulation in cultured cells. Simultaneous peroral administration of propranolol and papaverine prevented the appearance of serum atherogenicity. Papaverine eliminated neointimal thickening, an increase in cell number and in the lipid and collagen contents evoked by propranolol. Papaverine itself had no effect on these parameters. Thus, the atherogenicity of propranolol as well as capacity of papaverine to eliminate beta-blocker atherogenicity revealed in cell culture was confirmed in vivo. We hope that these results may be useful in the development of new drugs and optimization of antiatherosclerotic drug therapy.