Effect of pH on glutamine content derived from exogenous glutamate in astrocytes.

A shift in pH from 7.4 to 7.8 in the incubation solution caused a 3.4-fold increase in the free glutamine content of mouse cerebral astrocytes that were incubated with glutamate (100 microM) and ammonium (100 microM). This large and reversible steady-state increase in glutamine content was accompanied by smaller transient increases in the following: (a) net formation of glutamine; (b) clearance of glutamate from the incubation solution; and (c) glutamate content. The content of glutamine was reduced markedly by omission of either glutamate or ammonium from the incubation solution, or by inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity with methionine sulfoximine. The rate at which glutamine was exported from the astrocytes was unaffected by the pH change. The effects of pH on the concentration of free ammonia or on glutamate uptake do not appear to mediate the increase in glutamine content. Uptake of exogenous glutamine was little affected by the pH change. Therefore, possible mediation of the effect by an increase in intracellular pH must be considered. The response to altered pH described here may provide a cellular basis for the increased level of brain glutamine observed in hyperammonemia.