Williamson L M, Bruce D, Lubenko A, Chana H J, Ouwehand W H
University of Cambridge Division of Transfusion Medicine, U.K.
Transfus Med. 1992 Dec;2(4):255-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3148.1992.tb00167.x.
Hitherto, full investigation of patients with alloimmunization to platelet-specific antigens has been difficult due to the limited availability of both typing reagents and panels of typed platelets. Following recent advances in the understanding of the molecular and genetic basis of platelet alloantigens, it is now possible to genotype individuals for the alleles coding for the epitopes of four platelet antigen systems (HPA-1-4). This is based on the finding that the two alleles differ by only a single base pair substitution, resulting in one amino acid difference in the relevant platelet glycoprotein. The technique involves amplification of the relevant segments of genomic DNA from any nucleated cell by the polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The technique allows investigation of thrombocytopenic individuals and fetuses/neonates, and can be readily applied to large-scale typing of platelet donors.
迄今为止，由于血小板分型试剂和分型血小板库的可获得性有限，对血小板特异性抗原产生同种免疫的患者进行全面调查一直很困难。随着最近在血小板同种抗原分子和遗传基础认识方面的进展，现在可以对个体进行基因分型，以确定编码四种血小板抗原系统（HPA-1-4）表位的等位基因。这是基于以下发现：两个等位基因仅相差一个碱基对替换，导致相关血小板糖蛋白中一个氨基酸不同。该技术包括通过聚合酶链反应从任何有核细胞中扩增基因组DNA的相关片段，随后进行限制性片段长度多态性分析。该技术可用于调查血小板减少症患者以及胎儿/新生儿，并且可以很容易地应用于血小板供体的大规模分型。
