Czarnecki Tomasz, Czarnecka Elzbieta
Zakładu Famakodynamiki Uniwersytetu Medycznego w łodzi.
Psychiatr Pol. 2003 May-Jun;37(3):503-10.
Circadian rhythms regulate various life processes in plants, animals and in humans. These rhythms are generated by an endogenous mechanism called the biological clock. It has been known that there is circadian variability of receptors susceptibility to drugs and circadian changes of drugs kinetics. Biological effects of ethanol raise interest of many researchers due to consequences of its use. Effects of ethanol on various ion channels and receptors suggest that its action may also depend on circadian rhythms and may modulate action of the biological clock. Experimental studies on animals and humans have shown that circadian variability influences hypnotic and hypothermic effects of ethanol, cortisol levels, ethanol pharmacokinetics and ethanol intake. Chronic ethanol administration influence thyroid and sex hormones excretion, stimulate the HPA axis and changes various circadian rhythms (of sleep, motor activity and food intake). Changes in circadian ethanol effects may have significance for toxicity and interaction with drugs. Disturbances of circadian rhythms in alcohol-dependent patients may case therapeutic problems.
昼夜节律调节植物、动物和人类的各种生命过程。这些节律由一种称为生物钟的内源性机制产生。已知受体对药物的敏感性存在昼夜变化以及药物动力学的昼夜变化。由于乙醇使用的后果，其生物学效应引起了许多研究人员的兴趣。乙醇对各种离子通道和受体的作用表明，其作用可能也取决于昼夜节律，并可能调节生物钟的作用。对动物和人类的实验研究表明，昼夜变化会影响乙醇的催眠和体温降低作用、皮质醇水平、乙醇药代动力学和乙醇摄入量。长期给予乙醇会影响甲状腺和性激素的排泄，刺激下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴并改变各种昼夜节律（睡眠、运动活动和食物摄入的节律）。昼夜乙醇效应的变化可能对毒性以及与药物的相互作用具有重要意义。酒精依赖患者的昼夜节律紊乱可能会导致治疗问题。
