Changes of chemoarchitectural organization of the rat spinal cord following ventral and dorsal root transection.

Time-related changes in the distribution of chemical messengers in the rat spinal cord following the transection of dorsal and ventral roots were observed by using immunohistochemistry for the following antigens: microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), galanin (Gal), Met-enkephalin (Enk), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and serotonin (5-HT). To investigate dendrocytoarchitectonic organizational changes, morphometric analyses were performed on both the gray and the white matter of tissue samples stained with MAP2 antiserum. A significant reduction in the area of gray matter on the lesioned side was seen from 1 to 24 weeks postoperation, and progressive changes in the shape of the gray matter were also observed. CGRP-immunoreactive fibers were reduced in number in the posterior horn after root transection, except in the lateral part of lamina I. In contrast, CGRP immunoreactivity in the anterior horn cells of the ipsilateral side was increased early after transection, but later it progressively decreased. Root transection also caused significant reduction in the number of SP-immunoreactive fibers in the posterior horn, but no changes were seen in the anterior horn. Gal immunoreactivity was also affected by root transection, and it changed in a similar way to CGRP immunoreactivity. 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers were increased in the posterior horn after transection, and later decreased. In the anterior horn, there were no changes in the intensity or distribution pattern of 5-HT-immunoreactive nerve fibers following root transection. Enk and NPY immunoreactivity in the anterior and posterior horns was not affected by root transection up to 24 weeks postoperative. These results show that spinal root transection caused significant changes in the chemoarchitectural organization of nerve fibers containing certain types of chemical messengers, such as CGRP, SP, Gal, and 5-HT, in addition to altering dendritic geometry in the spinal cord.