Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) continues to serve as a useful model of organ-specific autoimmunity and as a model for the human demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis. Current studies focus on the role of the various cellular components involved in mediating disease, the nature and molecular characterization of the immune process, and the target site within the central nervous system (CNS). The results of these studies are providing new therapeutic rationales.