Vanderpuye O A, Labarrere C A, McIntyre J A
Center for Reproduction and Transplantation Immunology, Methodist Hospital of Indiana, Inc., Indianapolis.
Am J Reprod Immunol. 1992 Apr-May;27(3-4):145-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1992.tb00742.x.
Regulation of the complement system in reproduction is unique inasmuch as reproductive tissues represent the only condition where allogeneic interactions occur naturally. Both allogeneic extraembryonic membranes and semen that contact and interact with maternal cells and tissues must avert complement-mediated damage to ensure reproductive success. Several regulators of complement activation exist. Membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and decay accelerating factor (DAF) inactivate C3 and C5 convertases on cell surfaces. In addition, CD59 inhibits the membrane attack complex (MAC) of the complement cascade. Strong expression of these membrane glycoproteins by trophoblast and amniotic epithelium has been observed. MCP, DAF, and CD59 likely safeguard extraembryonic tissues from complement damage originating from maternal and fetal blood or amniotic fluid. Different reproductive tract fluids vary in complement levels. With the exception of ovarian follicular fluid, these levels are generally much less than those in blood. Endometrial and cervical content of C3 appear to be regulated by hormones. These observations suggest that the effects of complement activation may vary in reproductive tissues. MCP is absent from the surfaces of oocytes. Sperm express MCP and DAF in discrete areas that would not be associated with the known complement-regulatory functions of these proteins. Seminal plasma contains MCP and the MAC inhibitor SP-40,40 but not DAF.SP-40,40 may exemplify how complement-regulatory proteins perform alternative functions as it interacts with molecules other than complement components. We have reviewed aspects of the complement system that relate to allogeneic interactions in reproduction and that suggest fruitful areas for further research.
补体系统在生殖过程中的调节具有独特性，因为生殖组织是唯一自然发生同种异体相互作用的条件。与母体细胞和组织接触并相互作用的同种异体胚外膜和精液都必须避免补体介导的损伤，以确保生殖成功。存在几种补体激活调节因子。膜辅因子蛋白（MCP）和衰变加速因子（DAF）可使细胞表面的C3和C5转化酶失活。此外，CD59可抑制补体级联反应的膜攻击复合物（MAC）。已观察到滋养层和羊膜上皮细胞强烈表达这些膜糖蛋白。MCP、DAF和CD59可能保护胚外组织免受源自母体和胎儿血液或羊水的补体损伤。不同的生殖道液体补体水平各不相同。除卵巢卵泡液外，这些水平通常远低于血液中的水平。子宫内膜和宫颈中C3的含量似乎受激素调节。这些观察结果表明，补体激活在生殖组织中的作用可能有所不同。卵母细胞表面不存在MCP。精子在离散区域表达MCP和DAF，这些区域与这些蛋白质已知的补体调节功能无关。精浆中含有MCP和MAC抑制剂SP-40,40，但不含DAF。SP-40,40可能例证了补体调节蛋白如何与补体成分以外的分子相互作用来发挥其他功能。我们综述了补体系统中与生殖过程中同种异体相互作用相关的方面，并指出了值得进一步研究的富有成果的领域。
