Binding and internalization of the 163-171 fragment of human IL-1 beta.

The mechanisms of cell association of the human interleukin (IL-1 beta) immunostimulatory fragment 163-171 have been studied. The fragment was able to associate abundantly to both IL-1R- and IL-1R+ cells. Binding was strictly temperature dependent, was not saturable and could be inhibited by excess amounts of unlabelled 163-171 peptide but not by IL-1 beta, suggesting that the 163-171 fragment is not an IL-1R-binding domain of IL-1 beta. The fragment is readily internalized by cells by a cytochalasin-insensitive mechanism and it localizes mainly in the cytoplasm. It is concluded that the active domain 163-171 of IL-1 beta can be taken up by cells through a receptor-independent, temperature-dependent mechanisms and that its ability to activate cellular functions is based on IL-1R-independent intracellular pathways.