Fraschini G
University of Texas and M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77025.
Semin Oncol. 1992 Aug;19(4 Suppl 10):41-7.
The emetogenic properties of chemotherapeutic agents differ in terms of the frequency, intensity, time of onset, and duration of vomiting and nausea. As the effects of antiemetic agents in the control of emesis induced by different chemotherapeutic agents could differ, new antiemetics must be tested against a variety of chemotherapy challenges. In many non-cisplatin chemotherapy situations, a partly or totally oral schedule of antiemetic administration may be preferable. The selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3)-receptor antagonist, ondansetron, has been shown to be a safe, effective, and well-tolerated antiemetic in the prevention of nausea and vomiting from several non-cisplatin chemotherapies. In randomized studies, ondansetron has compared favorably with metoclopramide in patients receiving cyclophosphamide-containing chemotherapy regimens.
化疗药物的致吐特性在呕吐和恶心的频率、强度、发作时间及持续时间方面存在差异。由于不同化疗药物引发呕吐时，止吐药的效果可能不同，因此必须针对多种化疗挑战对新型止吐药进行测试。在许多非顺铂化疗情况下，部分或完全口服的止吐给药方案可能更为可取。选择性5-羟色胺（5-HT3）受体拮抗剂昂丹司琼已被证明在预防多种非顺铂化疗引起的恶心和呕吐方面是一种安全、有效且耐受性良好的止吐药。在随机研究中，接受含环磷酰胺化疗方案的患者使用昂丹司琼的效果优于甲氧氯普胺。
