Escobedo L G, Chorba T L, Remington P L, Anda R F, Sanderson L, Zaidi A A
Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
Accid Anal Prev. 1992 Dec;24(6):643-53. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(92)90016-c.
We assessed rates and trends in safety belt use by presence and type of safety belt law using data from states participating in the 1984-1989 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. State(s) with a safety belt law allowing law enforcement officers to stop vehicles for occupants' failure to use safety belts (primary enforcement law) had greater and more rapid increases in safety belt use rates than did states with laws requiring that vehicles must first be stopped for some other violation before a citation or fine for occupants' failure to use safety belts could be imposed (secondary enforcement law). Larger and sustained increases in safety belt use occurred when safety belt laws became effective or when fines were imposed for violations than when laws were first enacted. These data suggest that primary enforcement laws result in greater and more rapid increases in safety belt use than do secondary enforcement laws, and that initial increases in safety belt use following implementation of laws are sustained.
我们利用参与1984 - 1989年行为危险因素监测系统的各州数据，根据安全带法律的存在情况和类型评估了安全带使用的比率及趋势。拥有允许执法人员因驾乘人员未使用安全带而拦截车辆的安全带法律（初级执法法律）的州，其安全带使用率的增长幅度更大且速度更快，相比那些规定车辆必须先因其他违规行为被拦截后，才能对未使用安全带的驾乘人员开具罚单或罚款的州（二级执法法律）。当安全带法律生效或对违规行为处以罚款时，安全带使用出现了更大且持续的增长，而不是在法律首次颁布时。这些数据表明，初级执法法律比二级执法法律能使安全带使用率得到更大且更快的增长，并且法律实施后安全带使用的最初增长得以持续。
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