MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Jan 7;59(51):1681-6.
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in the United States among persons aged 5-34 years. Seat belts have been shown to be the most effective method for reducing injuries among adults in the event of a crash.
CDC used 2009 data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System--All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) to provide U.S. estimates of the number and rate of nonfatal, motor vehicle--occupant injuries treated in emergency departments among adults aged ≥18 years. In addition, CDC used 2008 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to estimate the prevalence of self-reported seat belt use among adults in the United States. Seat belt use was examined further by type of state seat belt enforcement law.
In 2009 in the United States, an estimated 2.3 million adult motor vehicle--occupants had nonfatal injuries treated in emergency departments. The nonfatal, motor vehicle--occupant injury rate declined 15.6% from 1,193.8 per 100,000 population in 2001 to 1,007.5 per 100,000 population in 2009. In 2008, self-reported seat belt use was higher in states with primary enforcement laws (88.2%), compared with states with secondary enforcement laws (79.2%). If the secondary law states had achieved 88.2% seat belt use in 2008, an additional 7.3 million adults would have been belted. From 2002 to 2008, self-reported seat belt use increased overall from 80.5% to 85.0%.
Nonfatal, motor vehicle--occupant injuries treated in emergency departments have declined in recent years but still affect a substantial proportion of the adult U.S. population each year. Self-reported belt use increased from 2002 to 2008, and was higher in states with primary enforcement laws compared with states with secondary enforcement laws.
Seat belt use is a proven method to reduce motor vehicle--occupant injuries, and the results of this analysis demonstrate that states with primary enforcement laws have higher prevalence of self-reported seat belt use. To help reduce the number of motor vehicle--occupant injuries, 19 states without primary enforcement laws should consider enacting them.
在美国，5-34 岁人群中，机动车事故是导致死亡的首要原因。安全带已被证明是减少碰撞中成年人受伤的最有效方法。
疾病预防控制中心使用 2009 年全国电子伤害监测系统-所有伤害项目（NEISS-AIP）的数据，提供了美国 18 岁及以上成年人在急诊部门治疗非致命性、机动车乘客受伤的人数和发生率的估计数。此外，疾病预防控制中心还使用 2008 年行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）的数据，估计了美国成年人中自我报告的安全带使用率。进一步通过州安全带执法法的类型来检查安全带的使用情况。
2009 年，美国估计有 230 万成年机动车乘客在急诊部门接受非致命性伤害治疗。非致命性机动车乘客受伤率从 2001 年的每 10 万人 1193.8 人下降到 2009 年的每 10 万人 1007.5 人，下降了 15.6%。2008 年，在实施主要执法法的州，自我报告的安全带使用率（88.2%）高于实施次要执法法的州（79.2%）。如果 2008 年实施二级法的州安全带使用率达到 88.2%，将有另外 730 万成年人系安全带。2002 年至 2008 年，自我报告的安全带使用率从 80.5%总体上升到 85.0%。
近年来，在急诊部门治疗的非致命性机动车乘客受伤人数有所下降，但每年仍影响到相当一部分美国成年人。从 2002 年到 2008 年，自我报告的安全带使用率有所上升，在实施主要执法法的州比在实施次要执法法的州更高。
安全带的使用是减少机动车乘客受伤的一种已被证实的方法，本分析结果表明，实施主要执法法的州自我报告的安全带使用率更高。为了减少机动车乘客受伤人数，19 个没有主要执法法的州应考虑制定这些法律。
