O'Brien W A
Division of Infectious Diseases, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Calif. 90073.
Pathobiology. 1992;60(4):225-33. doi: 10.1159/000163727.
Cells of mononuclear phagocyte lineage are the predominant cell type producing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in extravascular tissues; HIV-1 infection of mononuclear phagocytes may be directly related to primary disease manifestations and also appears to contribute to the immune deficiency of AIDS. Whereas peripheral blood lymphocytes are permissive for nearly all strains of HIV-1, only some HIV-1 strains replicate efficiently in mononuclear phagocytes. Recombinant virus strains have been used to identify a 157-amino acid region of gp120 that can confer macrophage tropism. This region is distinct from the principal CD4 binding domain of gp120 and includes the major type-specific neutralizing epitope located in the third hypervariable domain, V3. Quantitative assay of HIV-1-specific DNA by polymerase chain reaction early after infection suggests that HIV-1 strain differences in macrophage tropism are determined at the level of entry. These studies suggest that target cell interactions with gp120 in addition to or in conjunction with the CD4 binding domain are necessary for efficient entry into mononuclear phagocytes.
单核吞噬细胞系的细胞是血管外组织中产生1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）的主要细胞类型；单核吞噬细胞的HIV-1感染可能与原发性疾病表现直接相关，并且似乎也导致了艾滋病的免疫缺陷。虽然外周血淋巴细胞对几乎所有HIV-1毒株都敏感，但只有一些HIV-1毒株能在单核吞噬细胞中有效复制。重组病毒株已被用于鉴定gp120的一个157个氨基酸的区域，该区域可赋予巨噬细胞嗜性。该区域与gp120的主要CD4结合域不同，包括位于第三个高变区V3中的主要型特异性中和表位。感染后早期通过聚合酶链反应对HIV-1特异性DNA进行定量分析表明，HIV-1毒株在巨噬细胞嗜性方面的差异是在进入水平上确定的。这些研究表明，除了CD4结合域或与之结合外，靶细胞与gp120的相互作用对于有效进入单核吞噬细胞是必要的。
