Brown S D, Dooling R J
University of Maryland, College Park.
J Comp Psychol. 1992 Sep;106(3):203-16. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.106.3.203.
Perception of faces by 4 budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), a species of small parrot, was studied with a same-different discrimination task. Reaction times were taken as a measure of the similarity between pairs of faces and analyzed with multidimensional scaling to reveal patterns of similarity among the faces. The perception of natural faces was tested to determine which characteristics were perceptually salient. Color, patterns of markings, darkness of the iris, and size of the pupil corresponded to the observed patterns of similarity among the faces. Differences among budgerigar faces were more salient than differences among zebra finch faces, and budgerigar faces were perceptually distinct from the faces of other avian species. The results from these experiments provide a basis for understanding the ways in which these signals function in the coordination of social behaviors.
利用相同-不同辨别任务，对4只虎皮鹦鹉（Melopsittacus undulatus，一种小型鹦鹉）对面部的感知进行了研究。反应时间被用作衡量面部配对之间相似度的指标，并通过多维标度分析来揭示面部之间的相似模式。对自然面部的感知进行了测试，以确定哪些特征在感知上最为突出。颜色、斑纹图案、虹膜的深浅以及瞳孔的大小与观察到的面部之间的相似模式相对应。虎皮鹦鹉面部之间的差异比斑胸草雀面部之间的差异更为显著，并且虎皮鹦鹉的面部在感知上与其他鸟类的面部明显不同。这些实验的结果为理解这些信号在社会行为协调中的作用方式提供了基础。
