SPAULDING W B
Can Med Assoc J. 1962 Dec 15;87(24):1275-81.
The chief dangers reported with some common drugs are reviewed. Hazards of antibiotic therapy include: the increasing incidence of sensitization to penicillin with occasional anaphylactic reactions; aplastic anemia with chloramphenicol, and the poor tolerance of infants for chloramphenicol; staphylococcal enterocolitis; unnecessary "prophylactic" use of antibiotics. Thiazide diuretics may precipitate potassium depletion, skin reactions, pancreatitis, blood dyscrasias, gout, diabetes mellitus and hepatic coma. Reserpine can increase gastric acidity, induce mental depression, and when used with digitalis lead to ventricular premature beats. Hydralazine may aggravate angina pectoris, cause tachycardia, and bring about a syndrome resembling disseminated lupus erythematosus. Guanethidine may result in loose stools, impotence, and postural hypotension. Hazards of phenothiazines include jaundice, parkinsonian states and tremors, convulsions, hypotension, and blood dyscrasias. The butanediols have numerous side effects including gastrointestinal, cutaneous and hypotensive reactions. Prolonged corticosteroid therapy introduces a new danger in surgical treatment. The progesterone-like drugs may induce masculinization of the female fetus.
本文综述了一些常见药物报告的主要风险。抗生素治疗的风险包括：对青霉素过敏的发生率增加，偶尔会出现过敏反应；氯霉素会导致再生障碍性贫血，且婴儿对氯霉素耐受性差；葡萄球菌性小肠结肠炎；不必要的抗生素“预防性”使用。噻嗪类利尿剂可能会导致低钾血症、皮肤反应、胰腺炎、血液系统疾病、痛风、糖尿病和肝昏迷。利血平会增加胃酸分泌，导致精神抑郁，与洋地黄合用时会导致室性早搏。肼屈嗪可能会加重心绞痛，引起心动过速，并导致一种类似系统性红斑狼疮的综合征。胍乙啶可能会导致腹泻、阳痿和体位性低血压。吩噻嗪类药物的风险包括黄疸、帕金森状态和震颤、惊厥、低血压和血液系统疾病。丁二醇有许多副作用，包括胃肠道、皮肤和低血压反应。长期使用皮质类固醇治疗给手术治疗带来了新的风险。类孕酮药物可能会导致女性胎儿男性化。
