Hughes J R
Departments of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401-1419.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1992 Oct;60(5):689-97. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.60.5.689.
Self-reported and observer-rated signs and symptoms of nicotine withdrawal were assessed precessation and 2, 7, 14, 30, 90, and 180 days postcessation in smokers who quit on their own for 30 days. Anxiety, difficulty concentrating, hunger, irritability, restlessness, and weight gain increased, and heart rate decreased, postcessation (p less than .001). Except for hunger and weight gain, these symptoms returned to precessation levels by 30 days postcessation. Craving, depression, and alcohol or caffeine intake did not reliably increase. Postcessation depression, but not withdrawal symptoms, craving, or weight gain, predicted relapse. These results are consistent with prior studies.
在自行戒烟30天的吸烟者中，在戒烟前以及戒烟后2天、7天、14天、30天、90天和180天对自我报告及观察者评定的尼古丁戒断体征和症状进行了评估。戒烟后，焦虑、注意力难以集中、饥饿、易怒、坐立不安及体重增加有所增加，心率下降（p<0.001）。除饥饿和体重增加外，这些症状在戒烟后30天恢复到戒烟前水平。渴求、抑郁以及酒精或咖啡因摄入量未出现可靠增加。戒烟后抑郁而非戒断症状、渴求或体重增加可预测复吸。这些结果与既往研究一致。
