Azbite M
National Tuberculosis Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Ethiopia.
Kekkaku. 1992 Aug;67(8):539-44.
For planning and implementation of effective national tuberculosis control programme (NTP) in Ethiopia, it is essential to know the real magnitude of tuberculosis problem. Previous tuberculin survey carried out during the period from 1953 to 1955 revealed the annual risk of infection 3.0%, and since then, there has been no survey. A new tuberculin survey was thus conducted during the period from December 1987 to April 1990. In order to get a sample of 47 previously BCG unvaccinated children, aged 6 to 10 years, selected from each 480 representative clusters of randomly selected 16 Woredas (districts), a total of 26,529 children, approximately 55 in each cluster, were given tuberculin intradermal injection, and the reaction was read in 26,269 children (99.0%). A scar survey was done, and 23,695 had no BCG scar, while 2,574 (10.1%) had BCG scar. Out of the former, 2,503 children (10.6%) were positive, and the annual risk of infection thus calculated was 1.4%. Out of the latter, 591 (23.0%) were positive. The results of these two surveys indicate that tuberculosis showed decline in the past 37 years with the annual reduction rate of 2.2%, however, the trend might change in the future due to present pandemic of HIV infection.
为在埃塞俄比亚规划和实施有效的国家结核病控制规划（NTP），了解结核病问题的实际严重程度至关重要。1953年至1955年期间进行的既往结核菌素调查显示年感染风险为3.0%，自那时起便再未进行过调查。因此，于1987年12月至1990年4月期间开展了一项新的结核菌素调查。为从随机选取的16个沃雷达斯（县）的480个代表性群组中各选取47名6至10岁、既往未接种卡介苗的儿童作为样本，共对26,529名儿童进行了结核菌素皮内注射，每个群组约55名儿童，其中26,269名儿童（99.0%）接受了反应读取。进行了瘢痕调查，23,695名儿童无卡介苗瘢痕，2,574名儿童（10.1%）有卡介苗瘢痕。在无卡介苗瘢痕的儿童中，2,503名儿童（10.6%）呈阳性，据此计算出的年感染风险为1.4%。在有卡介苗瘢痕的儿童中，591名儿童（23.0%）呈阳性。这两项调查结果表明，结核病在过去37年中呈下降趋势，年下降率为2.2%，然而，由于目前的艾滋病毒感染大流行，未来这种趋势可能会改变。
