WILSENACH R
J Cell Biol. 1963 Aug;18(2):419-28. doi: 10.1083/jcb.18.2.419.
It has been demonstrated that the following changes accompany differentiation in the plastid of the liverwort Anthoceros eckloni. The inner membrane of the plastid folds to give rise to small vesicles which grow and may fuse to form thylakoids, i.e. flat bags. The thylakoids may "pair" to produce the doublets (thick membranes) of the grana. The doublets may be produced also by the invagination of a thylakoid. In both cases, the doublets are produced only where outside-to-outside contact of thylakoid membranes occurs, which supports the thesis that the thylakoid membranes are polarized. The thylakoids also fold outwards, anastomose, and may fuse. This results in a complicated membrane system, for which an interpretation becomes very difficult. The starch is produced in the matrix, and the pyrenoid bodies are interpreted as specialized regions of the matrix. Younger plastids have grana, but the mature plastid has so many doublets that distinct grana cannot be recognized. This interpretation of the changes which occur during the differentiation of the plastid differs radically from those of Menke (1961) and Manton (1962) who studied this same genus, but is compatible with findings in algae and angiosperms.
业已证明，在角苔类植物埃氏角苔的质体分化过程中会伴随以下变化。质体的内膜折叠形成小泡，这些小泡会生长并可能融合形成类囊体，即扁平的囊。类囊体可能“成对”形成基粒的双联体（厚膜）。双联体也可能由类囊体的内陷产生。在这两种情况下，双联体仅在类囊体膜发生外对外接触的地方产生，这支持了类囊体膜是极化的这一论点。类囊体也会向外折叠、吻合并可能融合。这导致了一个复杂的膜系统，对此进行解释变得非常困难。淀粉在基质中产生，蛋白核体被解释为基质的特殊区域。较年轻的质体有基粒，但成熟质体有如此多的双联体，以至于无法识别出明显的基粒。这种对质体分化过程中发生变化的解释与研究同一属的门克（1961年）和曼顿（1962年）的解释有根本不同，但与藻类和被子植物的研究结果相符。
