Goldberg R A, Hannani K, Toga A W
Jules Stein Eye Institute, UCLA School of Medicine.
Ophthalmology. 1992 Sep;99(9):1447-52. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31785-3.
The anatomy of the orbital apex is characterized by a complex interplay between critical bony and neural structures. Traditional methods used to study this region include dissection, static sections, and computed tomography (CT). Tomographic techniques are very useful in understanding these complex relationships, but the resolution of conventional CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not sufficient to recognize the intricate details of the optic nerve canal and associated structures. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of microcryoplaning and computer reconstruction in visualizing the orbital apex in detail not previously possible, at any orientation in three-dimensional space.
Microcryotomy of the orbital apex area was performed on cadaver specimens, and images of each cryosection were digitized. Subsequently, the lesser wing of sphenoid bone and optic nerve were outlined to allow for spatial manipulation and three-dimensional visualization of the orbital apex.
The authors present reconstructed computer images of the orbital apex in coronal and axial planes with CT correlation. Clinically important anatomic points and landmarks as well as potential pitfalls are demonstrated.
Microcryoplaning and computer reconstruction are useful techniques in viewing the detailed anatomy of the orbital apex. Although microcryoplaning has the limitation of poor soft tissue detail, the resolution of captured images is much greater than those obtained from CT or MRI scans; the improved resolution allows for accurate CT correlations. The technique has utility in education, surgical planning, and quantitative analysis of orbital apical anatomy.
眶尖的解剖结构特点是关键的骨性和神经结构之间存在复杂的相互作用。用于研究该区域的传统方法包括解剖、静态切片和计算机断层扫描（CT）。断层扫描技术在理解这些复杂关系方面非常有用，但传统CT和磁共振成像（MRI）的分辨率不足以识别视神经管及相关结构的精细细节。本研究的目的是确定微晶切片和计算机重建在详细显示眶尖方面的价值，此前在三维空间的任何方向上都无法做到这一点。
对尸体标本进行眶尖区域的微晶切片，将每个冷冻切片的图像数字化。随后，勾勒出蝶骨小翼和视神经，以便对眶尖进行空间操作和三维可视化。
作者展示了眶尖在冠状面和轴位面上的计算机重建图像，并与CT进行了对照。展示了临床上重要的解剖点和标志以及潜在的陷阱。
微晶切片和计算机重建是观察眶尖详细解剖结构的有用技术。尽管微晶切片存在软组织细节不佳的局限性，但所捕获图像的分辨率远高于CT或MRI扫描获得的图像；分辨率的提高使得能够进行准确的CT对照。该技术在教育、手术规划和眶尖解剖结构的定量分析中具有实用价值。
