Ross H E
Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, UK.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1992 Apr;12(2):215-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.1992.tb00293.x.
We tested 220 children aged 7-12 yr and 20 university students for visual contrast sensitivity at spatial frequencies of 1.2-21.9 c/deg for vertical, horizontal and oblique sinusoidal gratings. Males had higher mean sensitivity then females and adults had higher mean sensitivity than children. Sensitivity was greater for cardinal than oblique orientations, and this oblique effect increased with spatial frequency and mean sensitivity, and with age in children. Developmental growth of oblique anisotropy can be explained by growth in contrast sensitivity. Different sizes of oblique effect were found between groups living in different locations, but variations were mainly linked to differences in age and contrast sensitivity. Genetic or environmental interpretations of group differences should be treated with caution. Other anisotropies occurred (horizontal was better than vertical and right than left obliques), but these differences were small and irregular and may represent response biases rather than neurological effects.
我们测试了220名7至12岁的儿童和20名大学生对垂直、水平和倾斜正弦光栅在1.2至21.9周/度空间频率下的视觉对比敏感度。男性的平均敏感度高于女性，成年人的平均敏感度高于儿童。主方向的敏感度高于倾斜方向，并且这种倾斜效应随着空间频率、平均敏感度以及儿童年龄的增长而增加。倾斜各向异性的发育性增长可以通过对比敏感度的增长来解释。生活在不同地点的群体之间发现了不同大小的倾斜效应，但差异主要与年龄和对比敏感度的差异有关。对群体差异的遗传或环境解释应谨慎对待。还出现了其他各向异性（水平方向优于垂直方向，右倾斜优于左倾斜），但这些差异较小且不规则，可能代表反应偏差而非神经学效应。
