Petersen E, Lebech M, Højlyng N, Holten-Andersen W, Mølbak K, Høgh B, Jepsen S
Parasitologisk laboratorium, Statens Seruminstitut, København.
Ugeskr Laeger. 1992 Sep 7;154(37):2475-80.
Patients with impaired immune system are frequently infected with various parasitic diseases. The clinical picture is characterized by unusual manifestations and frequently severe recurrences of infections which are not normally serious. Some almost parasitic microorganisms produce symptoms exclusively in patients with impaired immune system. Parasitic infections have become increasingly common with the increasing number of patients who live for prolonged periods with impaired immune systems, often as a result of infection with HIV. Among the numerous parasitic infections which are observed in man, there are a few which occur particularly frequently in patients with impaired immune systems. This is a brief review of the clinical pictures and diagnostic options in parasitic disease in individuals with impaired immune system with particular emphasis on infections caused by: Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium ssp., Microspora, Entamoeba histolytica, Leishmania ssp., and Strongyloides stercoralis. In patients with impaired immunity, parasitic infections frequently cause nonspecific symptoms and, on account of the impaired immunity, antibodies to the parasite are not always produced. The diagnosis of these infections is, therefore, based on morphological demonstration of the microorganism concerned, culture, specific antigen or DNA defections.
免疫系统受损的患者经常感染各种寄生虫病。临床表现的特点是有异常表现，且感染常严重复发，而这些感染在正常情况下并不严重。一些几乎是寄生性的微生物仅在免疫系统受损的患者中产生症状。随着免疫系统受损的患者（通常是由于感染艾滋病毒）长期存活人数的增加，寄生虫感染变得越来越普遍。在人类中观察到的众多寄生虫感染中，有几种在免疫系统受损的患者中特别常见。本文简要回顾了免疫系统受损个体寄生虫病的临床表现和诊断方法，特别强调由以下病原体引起的感染：卡氏肺孢子虫、弓形虫、隐孢子虫属、微孢子虫、溶组织内阿米巴、利什曼原虫属和粪类圆线虫。在免疫功能受损的患者中，寄生虫感染常引起非特异性症状，而且由于免疫功能受损，并不总是产生针对寄生虫的抗体。因此，这些感染的诊断基于相关微生物的形态学证明、培养、特异性抗原或DNA检测。
