WEINBERG E D
Appl Microbiol. 1964 Sep;12(5):436-41. doi: 10.1128/am.12.5.436-441.1964.
Concentrations of manganese, considerably in excess of the quantity required for normal vegetative growth, are needed by Bacillus for (i) synthesis of such secondary metabolites and structures as antibiotics, D-glutamyl peptide, endospores, bacteriophage, and protective antigen; and (ii) longevity of vegetative cell cultures. No other biologically active element can substitute for manganese, and no secondary biosynthetic process of Bacillus has been found in which the requirement for manganese is absent. In the present study, manganese could induce sporulation of B. megaterium even when added to synthetic broth cultures as late as 100 hr after inoculation. When sub-bactericidal concentrations of various biologically active trace elements were supplied within 2 hr of manganese addition, suppression of spore formation occurred in cultures exposed to elements of group VI (chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, selenium, tellurium) and one of group VIII (nickel); of the six interfering elements, selenium and nickel were most potent.
芽孢杆菌需要锰的浓度大大超过正常营养生长所需的量，用于：（i）合成诸如抗生素、D-谷氨酰肽、内生孢子、噬菌体和保护性抗原等次级代谢产物和结构；以及（ii）维持营养细胞培养物的寿命。没有其他生物活性元素可以替代锰，并且尚未发现芽孢杆菌的任何次级生物合成过程不需要锰。在本研究中，即使在接种后100小时才添加到合成肉汤培养物中，锰也能诱导巨大芽孢杆菌形成孢子。当在添加锰后2小时内提供各种生物活性微量元素的亚杀菌浓度时，暴露于第VI族元素（铬、钼、钨、硒、碲）和第VIII族元素之一（镍）的培养物中孢子形成受到抑制；在这六种干扰元素中，硒和镍的作用最强。
