Dietary and salivary factors associated with root caries.

In this pilot study, dietary habits, microbial factors, and salivary factors in 20 older adults who had active decay on root surfaces were compared with those of 20 adults who had inactive or no root caries. In this case-control study, the groups were matched by sex and were of similar age. Subjects using medications known to induce dry mouth were excluded. Subjects completed a nutrition interview and a four-day food diary. Stimulated whole saliva flow rate, buffering capacity, levels of salivary lactobacilli with use of the Dentocult method, and S. mutans cultured on MSB agar were determined. The root caries group had a greater mean number of eating occasions per day (6.1 vs. 4.6), more frequent exposures to fermentable carbohydrates (5.8 vs. 4.2), and higher average daily sugars intake (133 g/day vs. 105 g/day) than the control group. Root caries subjects had significantly higher lactobacilli counts and less salivary buffering capacity. Within the root caries group, significant correlations were found with Root Caries Index and lactobacilli (r = 0.56) and S. mutans counts (rs = 0.50). These results show that frequent intake of simple sugars, high lactobacilli counts, and low saliva buffering capacity may be risk factors associated with root caries in older adults.