JEFFERYS M, WOOD C H
Br J Ind Med. 1960 Jan;17(1):10-24. doi: 10.1136/oem.17.1.10.
This survey was undertaken by a group of doctors, nurses, and lecturers in the Department of Public Health of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine as part of the teaching programme for the Diploma in Public Health. Fifty small factories in an area of a metropolitan borough were invited to answer questions concerning their industrial processes, their labour force, their premises, their first-aid provision, and the visits they received from officials of local and central government. Forty-eight of these factories responded and observations were made by teams of three recording independently of each other in 45. A variety of industries was represented in these 48 firms, half of which employed less than 10 workers. The working environment, in respect of sanitary arrangements, cleanliness and tidiness, lighting on stairs and passage ways, was considered to be unsatisfactory in many firms. Some instances of inadequate safeguards of machines were seen. The accident rate was found to be rather less than the computed national rate for manufacturing industry in 1956. First-aid equipment and workers were also considered to be deficient in a number of instances. In case of accident and for the treatment of minor ailments most firms made use of a local casualty and out-patient department of a general hospital. This service was considered quite adequate. Many firms had not been visited by the Factory Inspector or his deputy during the previous year. Rather more had received visits from the local authority health inspectors. Many firms expressed confusion about the duties and functions of their various official visitors. The conclusions drawn from this limited enquiry were that the working conditions in small factories are often unsatisfactory; that in areas such as the one surveyed it is unrealistic to think in terms of development of an industrial health service similar to those operating in Slough and Harlow; and that the greatest impact on environmental conditions might be made by an improved and simplified system of inspection especially adapted to the needs of the small factory.
这项调查由伦敦卫生与热带医学院公共卫生系的一群医生、护士和讲师进行，作为公共卫生文凭教学计划的一部分。一个大都市行政区某区域的50家小工厂受邀回答有关其工业生产流程、劳动力、厂房、急救设施以及当地和中央政府官员来访情况的问题。其中48家工厂做出了回应，由三人组成的小组相互独立记录，共进行了45次观察。这48家公司涵盖了多种行业，其中一半公司的员工人数不到10人。在许多公司中，就卫生设施、清洁和整洁程度、楼梯和通道的照明而言，工作环境被认为不尽人意。发现了一些机器防护措施不足的情况。事故发生率被发现略低于1956年制造业的全国计算发生率。在一些情况下，急救设备和人员也被认为不足。在发生事故和治疗小病时，大多数公司利用当地综合医院的伤病员和门诊部。这项服务被认为相当充足。许多公司在前一年没有接受工厂检查员或其副手的检查。接受地方当局卫生检查员检查的公司略多一些。许多公司对各类官方访客的职责和职能表示困惑。从这项有限调查得出的结论是，小工厂的工作条件往往不尽人意；在像所调查的这样的地区，设想发展类似于在斯劳和哈洛运作的那种工业卫生服务是不现实的；而且，对环境条件产生最大影响的可能是改进和简化的检查制度，特别是适应小工厂需求的检查制度。
