Experience with schistosomiasis in renal transplantation.

Schistosomiasis involving the urinary tract has only occasionally been reported in North American literature and rarely from American hospital experience. Chronic infection may result in numerous abnormalities of the urinary tract which may interfere with the function of a transplanted kidney. Our institution has performed a number of renal transplants in patients who are from countries where schistosomiasis is endemic. Six patients in our group had evidence of schistosomal disease during their pretransplant evaluation and were appropriately treated. None of these patients had postoperative complications attributable to the schistosomal disease. We recommend that all patients who are from areas where urinary schistosomiasis is endemic undergo a cystoscopic examination and bladder biopsies in addition to the routine pretransplant urologic evaluation.