Katz R T, DeLuca J
SSM Rehabilitation Institute, St. Louis, Missouri.
Am Fam Physician. 1992 Nov;46(5):1491-8.
Minor traumatic brain injury is the most common type of traumatic encephalopathy, with approximately 290,000 to 325,000 new cases occurring each year. Recent research has suggested that both anatomic factors (acceleration-deceleration injury, contusions) and neurotransmitter factors (cholinergic systems) may contribute to the pathologic sequelae. Symptoms may be broadly categorized as physical, behavioral/affective, cognitive and integrative. Patients with mild brain injury may demonstrate significant attention and information-processing impairments in the absence of apparent neurologic problems. Most symptoms abate within the first few months, but a sizable subgroup of patients remain symptomatic up to one year or more. Evidence suggests that patients whose symptoms persist are not simply "neurotic." Rehabilitation efforts should focus on proper evaluation, reassurance, education, support and monitoring of progress.
轻度创伤性脑损伤是最常见的创伤性脑病类型，每年约有29万至32.5万新发病例。最近的研究表明，解剖学因素（加速-减速损伤、挫伤）和神经递质因素（胆碱能系统）都可能导致病理后遗症。症状大致可分为身体、行为/情感、认知和综合症状。轻度脑损伤患者在没有明显神经问题的情况下，可能会出现显著的注意力和信息处理障碍。大多数症状在最初几个月内会减轻，但有相当一部分患者在长达一年或更长时间内仍有症状。有证据表明，症状持续的患者并非仅仅是“神经质”。康复工作应侧重于正确评估、安抚、教育、支持和监测进展情况。
