Blurton Jones N G, Smith L C, O'Connell J F, Hawkes K, Kamuzora C L
Department of Education, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1521.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1992 Oct;89(2):159-81. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330890204.
This is a report on the demography of the Hadza, a population of East African hunter-gatherers. In it, we describe the results of a census, and our estimation of age structure, survivorship, mean age of women at childbearing, number of live children, total population size and density, and rate of change since 1967. We show that relevant measures fit closely the stable population model North 6 chosen by Dyson to represent Hadza demography in the 1960s. We compare aspects of Hadza demography with surrounding non-Hadza and with the !Kung. Among other things, we find that the Hadza have a higher population density, higher fertility, and a faster population growth rate than do the !Kung. These demographic differences are consistent with our expectations, which were based on differences in the costs and benefits of foraging in the two regions. We also show that Hadza demographic parameters display remarkable consistency over the past 20 years. Since neighboring populations have been encroaching on the area used by the Hadza, and Hadza foragers have been subject to interludes of externally imposed settlement, this consistency is surprising. We discuss some of the implications.
这是一份关于哈扎人的人口统计学报告，哈扎人是东非的一个狩猎采集群体。在这份报告中，我们描述了一次人口普查的结果，以及我们对年龄结构、生存率、女性生育时的平均年龄、存活子女数量、总人口规模和密度，以及自1967年以来的变化率的估计。我们表明，相关指标与戴森选择用来代表20世纪60年代哈扎人口统计学的稳定人口模型North 6非常吻合。我们将哈扎人口统计学的各个方面与周边非哈扎人群以及昆人进行了比较。我们发现，哈扎人的人口密度更高、生育率更高，人口增长率也比昆人更快。这些人口统计学差异与我们基于两个地区觅食成本和收益差异的预期相符。我们还表明，在过去20年里，哈扎人的人口统计学参数表现出显著的一致性。由于周边人口一直在侵占哈扎人使用的区域，而且哈扎人的觅食者也曾经历过外部强加定居的时期，这种一致性令人惊讶。我们讨论了其中的一些影响。
