Jackson S W
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.
Am J Psychiatry. 1992 Dec;149(12):1623-32. doi: 10.1176/ajp.149.12.1623.
The purpose of this paper is the assessment of the healer's listening as an aspect of the history of caring and curing, with particular attention to its place in psychological healing.
An extensive range of philosophical, religious, and medical sources from antiquity to the present were studied.
Over the centuries, listening has been a crucial aspect of the various endeavors undertaken by healers in the interest of acquiring information from, achieving understanding of, and bringing about healing effects for sufferers. Yet it has been vision rather than hearing that has been emphasized in knowing and understanding, and looking rather than listening that has been emphasized in healing endeavors. Only around the turn of the twentieth century did there emerge the focused study of care in listening, of listening beyond the words themselves, and of the significance of the interested listener as a soothing, empathic force.
The place of listening in depth and with empathy is a crucial element in healing. While the emphasis on looking remains significant in the gathering and appraisal of data, at times it threatens to overwhelm the need for an attentive and concerned listener. There appears to be a natural tension between the two modes that has, in modern times, been translated into a tension between the two modes that has, in modern times, been translated into a tension between a scientific mode of gaining information and a humanistic mode of knowing sufferers. A healer neglects either one at his or her peril--and at the peril of his or her patients.
本文旨在评估医者倾听这一关怀与治疗历史的一个方面，尤其关注其在心理治疗中的地位。
研究了从古至今广泛的哲学、宗教和医学资料来源。
几个世纪以来，倾听一直是医者为从患者处获取信息、达成理解并为其带来治疗效果而进行的各种努力的关键方面。然而，在认知和理解方面一直强调的是视觉而非听觉，在治疗努力中强调的是观察而非倾听。直到二十世纪之交，才出现了对倾听中的关怀、超越言语本身的倾听以及有兴趣的倾听者作为一种抚慰、共情力量的重要性的集中研究。
深入且共情地倾听的地位是治疗中的关键要素。虽然在收集和评估数据时对观察的强调仍然很重要，但有时它可能会掩盖对专注且关切的倾听者的需求。这两种模式之间似乎存在一种自然的紧张关系，在现代，这种紧张关系已转化为获取信息的科学模式与了解患者的人文模式之间的紧张关系。医者忽视其中任何一方都将自担风险——并危及患者。
