Unanswered questions about the criminalization of therapist-patient sex.

Even though much has been written about the issue of criminalization of therapist-patient sex, many questions about the issue remain unanswered, raising doubts about the wisdom of nationwide adoption of criminalizing legislation. From a philosophical standpoint, we need to understand more fully what thoughts, emotions, and behaviors constitute consent. Furthermore we must determine how much value to give consent in relation to other social values and goals. From a clinical standpoint we still need a better understanding of what constitutes the therapist-patient relationship: what it is and when it is over. We must also examine more carefully the nature of power within a psychotherapeutic relationship. From a legal standpoint we must determine how criminalization affects constitutional privacy rights, as embodied both in state constitutions and the federal Constitution. From an empirical standpoint we need to assess the efficacy of current criminalization statutes and determine their effect on tort compensation for patient victims. We also need to assess the practical application of these statutes by juries. Without more thorough analysis of all the issues raised, the criminalization of patient-therapist sex by state legislatures may in fact cause more harm than good.