Bell M A, Fox N A
Department of Human Development, University of Maryland, College Park 20742.
Child Dev. 1992 Oct;63(5):1142-63.
The relations between changes in the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) and the development of the ability to perform successfully 2 cognitive tasks attributed to frontal lobe functioning were examined in 13 infants from 7 to 12 months of age. Infants successful in performing the A-not-B task with increasingly longer delays across the second half of the first year of life showed changes in power in scalp-recorded brain electrical activity in the frontal region and an increase in anterior/posterior EEG coherence. Infants with rapid mastery of object retrieval did not differ in frontal EEG development from infants who exhibited the normal developmental progression in object retrieval performance. In a task examining inhibition of reaching to a novel toy, there were no differences in frontal EEG as a function of performance. Results from a cross-sectional sample revealed similar findings. These data confirm work with nonhuman primates on the importance of maturation of frontal cortex in the successful performance on certain tasks (A-not-B), but do not confirm nonhuman primate data on the importance of frontal cortex for other tasks (object retrieval). The data also suggest that the electroencephalogram may be useful as a noninvasive measure of central nervous system development during the first year of life.
对13名7至12个月大的婴儿进行了研究，以考察头皮记录的脑电图（EEG）变化与执行两项归因于额叶功能的认知任务的能力发展之间的关系。在生命的第一年下半年，成功完成A非B任务且延迟时间越来越长的婴儿，其头皮记录的额叶区域脑电活动功率发生了变化，且前后脑电图连贯性增加。快速掌握物体取回能力的婴儿在额叶脑电图发育方面与在物体取回表现上呈现正常发育进程的婴儿没有差异。在一项考察抑制伸手去拿新玩具的任务中，额叶脑电图并未因表现不同而出现差异。横断面样本的结果显示了类似的发现。这些数据证实了对非人类灵长类动物的研究结果，即额叶皮质成熟对于某些任务（A非B）的成功执行很重要，但并未证实非人类灵长类动物有关额叶皮质对其他任务（物体取回）重要性的数据。这些数据还表明，脑电图可能作为生命第一年中枢神经系统发育的一种非侵入性测量方法很有用。
